In the 1870 U.S. census, "Chinese" appeared as a color category alongside White, Black, Mulatto, and Indian, and for census purposes it included Japanese people but excluded Hawaiians.
Sources
- Racial Reorganization and the United States Census 1850-1930 (jlhochschild.scholars.harvard.edu)
- https://journeys.dartmouth.edu/censushistory/2016/01/22/asian-race-categorization-in-the-united-states-1910-1970/ (journeys.dartmouth.edu)
- https://www.communitysolutions.com/resources/short-history-race-question-decennial-census (communitysolutions.com)
- https://www.archives.gov/files/research/genealogy/charts-forms/1870-census.pdf (archives.gov)
- https://library.guilford.edu/c.php?g=111830&p=722484 (library.guilford.edu)
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