Endemic hydrothermal vent molluscs are found at depths of up to 5,000 metres below sea level, around vents that can spew water over 450 degrees Celsius.
Sources
- IUCN Warns Seabed Mining Threatens Rare Molluscs | MarineBio (marinebio.org)
- https://iucn.org/press-release/202607/desert-frog-deep-sea-molluscs-remarkable-species-risk-iucn-red-list (iucn.org)
- https://www.senckenberg.de/en/press-releases/62-of-hydrothermal-vent-molluscs-now-threatened-by-deep-sea-mining/ (senckenberg.de)
- https://www.thestar.com.my/lifestyle/living/2026/07/16/deep-sea-mining-menaces-molluscs-conservationists-warn-in-updated-039red-list039 (thestar.com.my)
- https://www.mining.com/deep-sea-mining-threatens-60-of-vent-species-iucn/ (mining.com)
- https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0016703718300395 (sciencedirect.com)
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