Science
100 verified facts in this category.
- Tardigrades can survive in outer space, withstand pressures six times greater than the deepest ocean trenches, and live without food or water for more than 30 years.
- Venus rotates so slowly that a day on Venus (243 Earth days) is longer than a year on Venus (225 Earth days).
- A touchdown run by Seattle Seahawks fans during an NFL playoff game produced enough seismic activity to be detected by seismologists across the Pacific Northwest.
- Researcher Irina Conboy found that joining the circulatory systems of old and young mice improved the older animals' ability to heal from injury.
- Research has found that nonreplicable publications are cited more often than replicable publications.
- A mathematical model published in npj Aging estimated that if nearly every reversible hallmark of aging were eliminated, leaving only somatic mutations, the median human life span would be 146–194 years.
- In a study of 35 adults aged 64 and older, 60 daily oxygen-therapy sessions in a pressurized chamber were associated with fewer senescent cells and longer telomeres.
- Transplanting a small number of senescent cells into mice was enough to cause frailty and reduce their survival.
- A study estimated that the extinction of Ice Age megafauna removed just under 10 teragrams (about 10 million tons) of methane emissions, accounting for at least 12–15% (and possibly up to 100%) of the methane reduction at the start of the Younger Dryas.
- In the Greenland ice core studied by Harvard researchers, platinum concentration increased by more than a hundredfold over roughly 20 years before subsiding.
- Researchers found melt glass splashed onto small pieces of bone beside a hearth at Abu Hureyra, indicating molten glass fell into the village while it was inhabited.
- Soil samples from Abu Hureyra contained melt glass—vaporized soil that rapidly solidified—found alongside seeds, cereal grains, and splattered throughout adobe buildings, with most fragments measuring 1–2 millimeters across.
- The termination of the Younger Dryas cooling event occurred within a decade.
- Greenland ice-core samples indicate that temperatures increased by up to 10 °C (18 °F) in just a few decades at the end of the Younger Dryas.
- The warming that ended the Younger Dryas took only about 40–50 years.
- The warming that ended the Younger Dryas took only about 40–50 years, with Greenland ice-core samples showing temperature increases of up to 10°C (18°F) in just a few decades.
- The warming that ended the Younger Dryas took only about 40–50 years, with Greenland ice-core samples showing temperature increases of up to 10 °C (18 °F) in just a few decades.
- A statistical-model study using temperature data from the northern Atlantic region concluded that an AMOC shutdown could occur between 2025 and 2095.
- The Aharonov–Bohm effect is a quantum-mechanical phenomenon in which an electrically charged particle is affected by an electromagnetic potential despite being confined to a region where both the magnetic field and electric field are zero.
- Traditional Western astronomical practice groups bright stars to form constellations, unlike the Andean approach which uses dark areas.
- Quantum calculus is sometimes called 'calculus without limits' because it is equivalent to traditional infinitesimal calculus without requiring the notion of limits.
- Antarctica is technically a desert, receiving only about 2 inches of precipitation annually in its interior, making it drier than the Sahara.
- Octopuses have three hearts: two pump blood to the gills, while the third pumps it to the rest of the body. The heart pumping to the body stops beating when the octopus swims.
- The absolute value of price changes in the U.S. fluctuated between 6 and 8 percent before 2020 and mostly between 7 and 8 percent after 2020, despite inflation's sharp rise in 2021-2022.
- Because of CPI index rounding, the smallest possible change in the late-1950s index translated into an approximately 4-percentage-point swing in annualized 1-month inflation, while by the early 1980s the equivalent effect was roughly one-third as large.
- U.S. inflation volatility in the 1990s and early 2000s was not much different from its level in the 1960s; the decline relative to the 1960s occurred only at quarterly and monthly frequencies.
- Wastewater pumped into deep disposal wells can trigger earthquakes, as documented in Oklahoma, Texas, and Ohio.
- Tennessee, South Carolina, Arkansas, Missouri, and Illinois are among the states with the highest numbers of people at earthquake risk, according to USGS data.
- The USGS estimate of 143 million Americans at earthquake risk is almost twice the 75 million cited in a similar 2006 study.
- Injecting wastewater into deep disposal wells has triggered earthquakes in Oklahoma, Texas, and Ohio.
- Well-recorded earthquakes up to magnitude 6.6 on shallow continental creeping faults produce fault-surface rupture areas similar to those of locked faults with the same magnitude.
- The 1995 American Institute for Research evaluation concluded that some remote-viewing results were accurate enough to defy randomness, but the phenomenon was too unreliable, inconsistent, and sporadic to be useful for intelligence purposes.
- At a 2009 FDA advisory-panel meeting, members voted 36-1 to recommend that children's acetaminophen products be made in a single concentration, but the FDA never made that requirement mandatory.
- A European fertility group has called for an international cap on sperm-donor contributions after some donor-conceived people discovered they have hundreds of biological siblings.
- The newly discovered interneuron accounts for approximately one-third of all interneurons in the primate striatum.
- Researchers identified a previously unknown type of interneuron found only in primates, not in ferrets, mice, or other studied species.
- Gilbert, King, Pettigrew, and Wilson's 2016 comment states that correcting the statistical errors in the Open Science Collaboration article provides no evidence of a replication crisis in psychological science.
- A U.S. version of the affirmative-action replication study essentially reproduced the original result, but the Open Science Collaboration excluded this successful U.S. replication and included only the failed University of Amsterdam replication in its estimate of psychology's reproducibility.
- Harvard researchers Daniel Gilbert, Gary King, and Stephen Pettigrew, along with University of Virginia professor Timothy Wilson, calculated that the number of failed replications in the OSC study was no greater than would be expected by chance, even if all 100 original findings were true.
- The Open Science Collaboration, a consortium of 270 scientists, attempted to replicate 100 published psychology studies and found that more than half of the replications failed.
- In a systematic review of civil-war prediction research, every paper claiming that complex machine-learning models outperformed older statistical models failed to reproduce because of data leakage.
- Only 39 of the 100 psychology studies examined by the Reproducibility Project were successfully replicated.
- About 90% of newborns infected with hepatitis B perinatally develop chronic infection, and one in four of those infected will die prematurely from liver disease, including cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.
- In aging simulations, liver function often remained intact for tens of thousands of years because liver cells can regenerate.
- The original rotavirus vaccine was withdrawn from the market by its manufacturer, Wyeth Ayerst Laboratories, after only one year.
- A food product labeled '0 g trans fat' may still legally contain up to 0.5 grams of trans fat per serving.
- In a small phase I clinical trial, a combination of the cancer drug dasatinib and the plant pigment quercetin eliminated senescent cells from the tissues of people with diabetic kidney disease.
- People who lived to ages 95–112 developed cancer, heart disease, diabetes, osteoporosis, and stroke up to 24 years later than people with average lifespans.
- In human fat samples obtained directly from the operating room, senolytic drugs eliminated senescent cells within 48 hours.
- Older mice developed frailty and reduced survival from fewer transplanted senescent cells than younger mice did.
- Transplanting a small number of senescent cells into mice was enough to cause frailty and reduce their survival.
- In the senolytic mouse study, the extended lifespan did not come at the cost of prolonged frailty at the end of life; deaths from age-related diseases occurred later.
- The lifespan extension from senolytic drugs in aged mice did not come at the cost of a prolonged period of frailty at the end of life; deaths from age-related diseases occurred later.
- In mice with natural aging equivalent to about 80 human years, an oral mixture of senolytic drugs extended lifespan by 36% compared to the norm for that type of mouse.
- Among patients receiving long-term opioid prescriptions exceeding 90 days, the adjusted odds ratio for a new opioid use disorder diagnosis was 15 at 1–36 MME/day, 29 at 36–120 MME/day, and 122 at ≥120 MME/day, compared with no opioid prescription.
- In 2023, 27.1% of US young adults aged 18–34 years (about 19.9 million people) reported having multiple chronic conditions (2 or more).
- In 2023, 59.5% of US young adults aged 18–34 years (about 43.7 million people) reported at least 1 of 12 selected chronic conditions.
- Among commercially insured patients with a previous opioid overdose, repeated overdose within 2 years occurred in 17% of those prescribed 100 MME/day or more, 15% of those prescribed 50–100 MME/day, 9% of those prescribed less than 50 MME/day, and 8% of those prescribed no opioids.
- Nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) failed to extend lifespan in female mice even at doses producing blood levels similar to those in males, and extended lifespan only in males (Harrison et al., 2014).
- Across every intervention and control group in three separate mouse studies, the estimated rate of vitality decline was consistently lower than the rate of survival decline; for example, female mice on 40% caloric restriction had a mean vitality-decline rate of 0.00011 compared to a survival-decline rate of 0.00079.
- Humans and North American megafauna coexisted in the northeastern United States for approximately 1,000 years.
- According to researcher Felisa Smith of the University of New Mexico, large herbivores release 80–90% of their methane through burps rather than flatulence.
- Researchers found glass spherules in sediment from Yvonne Malinowski's backyard in Melrose, Pennsylvania, containing flecks of pure iron indicating formation at temperatures above 2,000°C (about 3,600°F).
- A Greenland ice-core study by Michail Petaev, Shichun Huang, Stein Jacobsen, and Alan Zindler found almost no iridium but detected a pronounced platinum spike beginning exactly 12,900 years ago.
- In the Greenland ice core studied by Petaev and colleagues, platinum concentration increased by more than a hundredfold over roughly 20 years before subsiding.
- A Greenland ice-core study by Michail Petaev, Shichun Huang, Stein Jacobsen, and Alan Zindler found almost no iridium but detected a pronounced platinum spike beginning exactly 12,900 years ago.
- Andrew C. Scott's research team found that fungal spores have microscopic features similar to those previously attributed to nanodiamonds.
- Most carbon spherules once attributed to a cosmic impact closely resemble tightly packed balls of fungus found in modern soils exposed to low-to-moderate heat during wildfires.
- Most of the carbon spherules previously attributed to a cosmic impact resemble tightly packed balls of fungus found in modern soils exposed to low-to-moderate heat during wildfires.
- Only 3 of the 29 archaeological sites re-examined by David Meltzer's team had dates falling within the onset of the Younger Dryas.
- Lightning was ruled out as the source of Abu Hureyra's melt glass because lightning produces magnetic imprints that were absent from the samples.
- Abu Hureyra's melt glass contained molten quartz, chromferide, and magnetite grains, minerals that melt only at temperatures between 1,720°C and 2,200°C.
- Soil samples from Abu Hureyra contained melt glass—vaporized soil that rapidly solidified—associated with seeds and cereal grains, with most fragments measuring 1–2 millimeters across.
- The sudden warming that ended the Younger Dryas took approximately 40 to 50 years.
- Isotope data indicates that central Greenland was nearly 14 °C (24.5 °F) colder during the Younger Dryas than it is today.
- At some GRIP/GISP2 sites near the summit of Greenland, annual snow and ice layers can be traced back more than 40,000 years, similar to counting tree rings.
- During the Younger Dryas, forests were replaced by tundra vegetation, even though many parts of the tropics and Southern Hemisphere became warmer and wetter.
- Central Greenland was nearly 14 °C (24.5 °F) colder during the Younger Dryas than it is today.
- During the Younger Dryas, forests were replaced by tundra vegetation even though many parts of the tropics and Southern Hemisphere became warmer and wetter.
- Central Greenland was nearly 14°C (24.5°F) colder during the Younger Dryas than it is today.
- Central Greenland was nearly 14 °C (24.5 °F) colder during the Younger Dryas than it is today.
- The Younger Dryas climate interval began in less than 100 years and lasted roughly 1,300 years, occurring approximately 12,900–11,600 years ago.
- The AMOC has weakened by approximately 15–20 percent during the last 150 years.
- The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), an ocean-current system that helps keep Europe warm, is currently the weakest it has been in more than 1,600 years.
- A Penn State study published in Science Advances on June 30 found that ocean processes and atmospheric processes contribute equally to maintaining the North Atlantic cold blob.
- The sea just south of Greenland has remained relatively cool compared with the rest of the North Atlantic.
- Climate records preserved in Greenlandic ice show that Earth's last ice age included about 25 periods of abrupt climate change, with temperature spikes occurring over decades followed by gradual cooling in the North Atlantic.
- A statistical-model study using temperature data from the northern Atlantic region concluded that an AMOC shutdown could occur between 2025 and 2095.
- During Earth's last ice age, abrupt climate change events featured temperature spikes occurring over decades, followed by gradual cooling in the North Atlantic.
- Climate records preserved in Greenlandic ice show that Earth's last ice age included about 25 periods of abrupt climate change.
- Film director and explorer James Cameron made a solo descent to Challenger Deep in 2012.
- The Aharonov–Bohm effect is illustrated experimentally through interference experiments.
- The underlying mechanism of the Aharonov–Bohm effect is the coupling of the electromagnetic potential with the complex phase of a charged particle's wave function.
- Cenograms are used in studying ancient communities to draw conclusions about a biome's level of forestation.
- Cenograms are used in studying ancient communities to draw conclusions about a biome's relative humidity.
- Cenograms are used in studying ancient communities to draw conclusions about a biome, including whether it is species rich, its relative humidity, and its level of forestation.
- Cenograms are used in studying ancient communities to draw conclusions about a biome's species richness, relative humidity, and level of forestation.
- The transient aurorae/airglow hypothesis attributes ashen light to unusually high solar activity interacting with the upper Venusian atmosphere.
- Proposed explanations for Venus's ashen light include emission of light by Venus itself and optical phenomena occurring within the observing telescope.
- Ashen light is a subtle glow that has been claimed to be seen on the night side of the planet Venus.