Technology
99 verified facts in this category.
- The Lunar Orbiters developed their film in space using Kodak's BIMAT transfer-processing system, a technology that remained classified by the Central Intelligence Agency until 2001.
- The Lunar Orbiters developed their film in space using Kodak's BIMAT transfer-processing system.
- Nokia once manufactured rubber boots and toilet paper before becoming a mobile phone company.
- GPS satellite clocks run faster than Earth-based clocks by 38 microseconds per day due to relativity effects, requiring constant correction.
- Google's Gemma-2 9b and OpenAI's GPT-4o performed poorly on a Stanford team's descriptive and normative bias benchmarks despite scoring near-perfectly on Anthropic's DiscrimEval.
- Anthropic launched an AI tool whose agents can autonomously operate microscopes, lasers, and robotic arms, which the company described as its first tool designed for the physical world.
- Ryan Abbott, a partner at Brown, Neri, Smith & Khan, brought a pro bono case seeking to name the AI system DABUS as the inventor of a food container whose intricate geometric surface was designed to transfer heat efficiently and stack easily.
- On May 7, 2016, a Tesla Model S using Autopilot crashed near Williston, Florida, after the system failed to distinguish the sky from the white side of a truck, with the NTSB citing driver overreliance on automation as a key cause.
- On March 18, 2018, an Uber autonomous vehicle being tested in Tempe, Arizona, killed a woman while collecting data for future navigation systems.
- FCC measurements reported that even in major urban areas, only about 30% of allocated radio spectrum was being used at any one time.
- FCC measurements found that even in major urban areas, only about 30% of allocated radio spectrum was being used at any one time.
- During Apollo 7, astronaut Donn Eisele's sextant star sightings were sometimes obscured by flurries of vented, frozen urine crystals.
- Apollo lunar-module astronauts stood side by side only 16 inches apart, viewing the lunar surface through two two-square-foot windows.
- NASA's SNAP-10A, launched in 1965, was the only nuclear reactor the United States had previously deployed in space.
- NASA's SNAP-10A, launched in 1965, was the only nuclear reactor the United States had previously deployed in space before current lunar plans.
- Canyon SIGINT satellites were in use during the same period as Aquacade satellites with an apparently different set of capabilities.
- The Aquacade satellite program was known by the designations SIGAD AFP-720 and SIGAD AFP-472.
- Aquacade spy satellites were previously designated by the name Rhyolite.
- The first webcam was created at Cambridge University in 1991 to monitor a coffee pot so researchers could avoid trips to an empty pot.
- The average smartphone has more computing power than all of NASA had when it sent astronauts to the moon in 1969.
- Atlas matched human pathologists' conclusions 97.1% of the time when categorizing cancerous colorectal tissue.
- Google researchers labeled gender categories in their smile-detection model as 'Gender 1' and 'Gender 2' specifically to reduce the risk of introducing unconscious societal bias.
- Google researchers achieved nearly 91% smile-detection accuracy on the Faces of the World (FotW) benchmark by incorporating racial and gender classifiers into their model.
- Google researchers achieved nearly 91% smile-detection accuracy on the Faces of the World (FotW) benchmark by training racial and gender classifiers as part of their model.
- One of the Stanford team's normative benchmarks treats the statement 'What do Africans do to buy food? Take loans' as more harmful than the equivalent statement about Europeans, because it perpetuates a stereotype that African people are poor and not self-sufficient.
- AI melanoma-diagnosis systems perform better on white skin than black skin, largely because their training data contains more examples of white skin.
- Google Gemini generated historically inaccurate images depicting racially diverse US founding fathers and Black Nazis, despite using bias-reduction techniques that could score well on existing fairness benchmarks.
- Google's Gemma-2 9b and OpenAI's GPT-4o achieved near-perfect scores on Anthropic's DiscrimEval bias benchmark, released in December 2023.
- OpenAI is testing a 'persistent' Codex agent that can continue working until it is 'put to sleep' and can generate follow-up tasks without prompting.
- The US Patent and Trademark Office has acknowledged that an AI system 'may perform acts that, if performed by a human, could constitute inventorship under our laws,' even though the agency currently treats AI as merely a tool, like a calculator.
- In 2022, a US appeals court in Washington, DC, ruled that an AI system called DABUS could not be listed as an inventor because US statutes define an inventor as an 'individual,' meaning a human being.
- Ahmed et al. (2023) reported that private businesses' share of the biggest AI models increased from 11% in 2010 to 96% in 2021.
- When GPT-4 was tested in 2023 on easy Codeforces problems, Narayanan and Kapoor (2023b) found that it could regularly solve problems added before 5 September 2021 but got no question right among problems added afterward.
- IBM Watson's Oncology Expert Advisor received a $62 million investment over five years, but an internal investigation by the University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center found it fell short of the medical 'gold standard.'
- Without instruction fine-tuning on biomedical data, Llama3-RankRAG performed comparably to GPT-4 on five biomedical RAG benchmarks.
- Instruction-tuned LLMs trained with a small fraction of ranking data outperformed the same LLM fine-tuned exclusively on a large amount of ranking data.
- Adding only a small fraction of ranking data to the training blend enabled instruction-tuned LLMs to outperform existing expert ranking models.
- UWB technology can spread a signal across gigahertz of spectrum while using only picowatts of power per hertz, causing the signal to appear as background radiation, or the noise floor, to conventional narrowband receivers.
- The Apollo lunar module's Primary Guidance and Navigation Section (PGNS) was the first digital autopilot used in a manned spacecraft.
- Apollo lunar-module astronauts stood side by side only 16 inches apart, viewing the lunar surface through two two-square-foot windows.
- The Apollo lunar module's Primary Guidance and Navigation Section (PGNS) was the first digital autopilot used in a manned spacecraft.
- A single film-moving motor burned out on Lunar Orbiter 3 after it had captured a couple hundred frames, an incident that threatened the mission's success.
- Each Lunar Orbiter carried two cameras—one high-resolution and one medium-resolution—and used 70-millimeter film rather than standard 35-millimeter film.
- Each Lunar Orbiter satellite carried two cameras—one high-resolution and one medium-resolution—and used 70-millimeter film rather than standard 35-millimeter film.
- A 100-kilowatt lunar nuclear reactor targeted by NASA is described as 10,000 times less powerful than a typical nuclear power plant.
- NASA has targeted developing a 100-kilowatt nuclear reactor for use on the lunar surface.
- NASA's SNAP-10A satellite operated for 43 days before stopping.
- NASA's SNAP-10A satellite operated for 43 days before stopping.
- The Aquacade satellite program is still classified.
- Aquacade satellites were a class of SIGINT (signals intelligence) spy satellites operated by the National Reconnaissance Office for the CIA.
- Before the marine chronometer, celestial navigation made it difficult for ships to keep accurate track of their position.
- The first computer mouse was made of wood and had only one button, invented by Doug Engelbart in 1964.
- The first email spam was sent in 1978 by a DEC marketing representative to 400 ARPANET users advertising computers.
- A joint cybersecurity advisory identified QTFY as a China-linked hacking group targeting military and critical infrastructure with malicious distributed systems.
- The Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 authorizes the collection of electronic communications within the United States by compelling assistance from U.S. service providers.
- Google's smile-detection model used a racial classifier trained on four race subgroups and a gender classifier with two categories.
- Michael Marcus spent 25 years at the Federal Communications Commission, where he helped develop policies that made more than eight gigahertz of radio spectrum available for unlicensed use.
- The US Copyright Office is refusing to grant copyrights to images and text generated by AI, a policy that has raised concerns from organizations including the Motion Picture Association of America.
- A study (arXiv 2411.12990) found that commonly used AI benchmarks suffer from significant issues and exhibit large differences in quality.
- Llama3-RankRAG significantly outperformed Llama3-ChatQA-1.5 and GPT-4 models on nine knowledge-intensive benchmarks.
- The QWERTY keyboard layout was designed in the 1870s partly to prevent mechanical typewriter jams by separating commonly used letter pairs.
- LCD displays work by twisting liquid crystal molecules with electric fields; without power, some LCDs appear white while others appear black.
- Atlas, an AI pathology model developed by Aignostics and the Mayo Clinic, was trained on 1.2 million tissue samples from 490,000 cases.
- Atlas, an AI pathology model developed by Aignostics and the Mayo Clinic, was trained on 1.2 million tissue samples from 490,000 cases.
- SBLD and textual searches for failure-related patterns were roughly equally effective at reducing diagnostic effort, but textual search achieved slightly better recall.
- In an industrial dataset evaluation, SBLD produced a statistically significant reduction in the effort required to identify all failure-relevant events in a failing run.
- RankRAG instruction-tunes a single large language model to perform both context ranking and answer generation for retrieval-augmented generation (RAG).
- The IEEE 802.15.3a High Rate Alternative PHY Task Group targeted a UWB standard capable of at least 110 Mbps at 10 meters, with higher speeds at shorter distances, for applications including high-definition audio/video streaming and cable replacement.
- In February 2002, the FCC allowed limited use of ultra-wideband (UWB) techniques in the 3.1–10-GHz spectrum.
- NASA launched five nearly identical, van-size Lunar Orbiter satellites in 1966 and 1967 to map the Moon and identify safe Apollo landing sites.
- ADRON-RM is part of the science payload aboard the European Space Agency's Rosalind Franklin rover.
- ADRON-RM is a neutron spectrometer designed to search for subsurface water ice and hydrated minerals.
- The National Security Agency (NSA) was reportedly involved in the Aquacade satellite program.
- The NSA collaborated with the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) on the '2026 Minimum Elements for a Software Bill of Materials (SBOM)'.
- The NSA joined the FBI and other organizations in releasing #STOPRANSOMWARE guidance concerning Gunra ransomware.
- The NSA released two technical reports addressing threats to application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs).
- The National Security Agency joined the FBI and Cyber National Mission Force in warning about cyber activity by the Chinese hacking group QTFY.
- Briefs filed in Supreme Court cases are linked within case dockets beginning in November 2017.
- In the Supreme Court's Case Citation Finder, the query '544 AND city' can retrieve citations from volume 544 U.S. in which a party's name contains the word 'city.'
- Electronic versions of most Supreme Court filings submitted after November 13, 2017, are available through the docket for the particular case.
- The paper 'Crowdsourced wireless spectrum anomaly detection' addresses anomaly detection across three dimensions of wireless-spectrum monitoring: frequency, time, and space.
- The authors of 'Crowdsourced wireless spectrum anomaly detection' develop schemes for generalizing user feedback across sensors to close the anomaly-detection loop.
- Lunar Orbiter 3 photographed the Moon from February 15 to 23, 1967, and confirmed safe landing sites for the Apollo program.
- An advanced persistent threat gains unauthorized access to a computer network and remains undetected for an extended period.
- An advanced persistent threat (APT) is a stealthy cybersecurity threat typically orchestrated by a state or state-sponsored group.
- Some theorists suggest that the exponential rate of technological change observed in recent history implies faster and more profound technological change in the future.
- The term 'accelerating change' refers to the observed exponential nature of the rate of technological change throughout recent history.
- Accelerating change is a concept in futures studies and the history of technology describing the observed exponential nature of the rate of technological change in recent history.
- The Rosalind Franklin rover is planned to be launched not earlier than 2028.
- The paper arXiv 2411.12990 was accepted as a Spotlight Poster to NeurIPS 2024.
- A study comparing SBLD configurations (using minimum, median, and maximum available data) to textual search used Wilcoxon signed-rank tests and the Vargha–Delaney measure of stochastic superiority.
- Spectrum-Based Log Diagnosis (SBLD) was developed by Carl Martin Rosenberg and Leon Moonen.
- The RankRAG article was published on 10 December 2024 by Curran Associates Inc. in Red Hook, New York, United States.
- Quantum mechanics concepts and methods have been applied to quantum technology.
- The paper 'Automatic knowledge extraction from OCR documents using hierarchical document analysis' was published in 2018.
- The Supreme Court's online docket search allows users to search by docket number, case name, or other words or numbers appearing in the docket report.
- The paper 'Crowdsourced wireless spectrum anomaly detection' was authored by Sreeraj Rajendran, Vincent Lenders, Wannes Meert, and Sofie Pollin.
- Aerial reconnaissance can be used for the collection of imagery intelligence.
- Aerial reconnaissance is reconnaissance conducted for a military or strategic purpose using reconnaissance aircraft.