Science
1179 verified facts in this category, showing 201–300.
- Researchers identified a previously unknown type of interneuron found only in primates, not in ferrets, mice, or other studied species.
- A U.S. version of the affirmative-action replication study essentially reproduced the original result, but the Open Science Collaboration excluded this successful U.S. replication and included only the failed University of Amsterdam replication in its estimate of psychology's reproducibility.
- Harvard researchers Daniel Gilbert, Gary King, and Stephen Pettigrew, along with University of Virginia professor Timothy Wilson, calculated that the number of failed replications in the OSC study was no greater than would be expected by chance, even if all 100 original findings were true.
- The Open Science Collaboration, a consortium of 270 scientists, attempted to replicate 100 published psychology studies and found that more than half of the replications failed.
- In a systematic review of civil-war prediction research, every paper claiming that complex machine-learning models outperformed older statistical models failed to reproduce because of data leakage.
- Ovotestes are gonads that contain both ovarian and testicular tissue, and some people have ovaries that do not produce eggs or testes that do not produce sperm.
- About 90% of newborns infected with hepatitis B perinatally develop chronic infection, and one in four of those infected will die prematurely from liver disease, including cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.
- In aging simulations, liver function often remained intact for tens of thousands of years because liver cells can regenerate.
- The original rotavirus vaccine was withdrawn from the market by its manufacturer, Wyeth Ayerst Laboratories, after only one year.
- A food product labeled '0 g trans fat' may still legally contain up to 0.5 grams of trans fat per serving.
- In a small (n=9) phase I open-label clinical trial, a 3-day oral course of dasatinib plus quercetin reduced senescent-cell markers in adipose tissue and skin of people with diabetic kidney disease.
- People who lived to ages 95–112 developed cancer, heart disease, diabetes, osteoporosis, and stroke up to 24 years later than people with average lifespans.
- In human fat samples obtained directly from the operating room, senolytic drugs eliminated senescent cells within 48 hours.
- Older mice developed frailty and reduced survival from fewer transplanted senescent cells than younger mice did.
- The lifespan extension from senolytic drugs in aged mice did not come at the cost of a prolonged period of frailty at the end of life; deaths from age-related diseases occurred later.
- In mice with natural aging equivalent to about 80 human years, an oral mixture of senolytic drugs extended lifespan by 36% compared to the norm for that type of mouse.
- Among patients receiving long-term opioid prescriptions exceeding 90 days, the adjusted odds ratio for a new opioid use disorder diagnosis was 15 at 1–36 MME/day, 29 at 36–120 MME/day, and 122 at ≥120 MME/day, compared with no opioid prescription.
- In 2023, 59.5% of US young adults aged 18–34 years (about 43.7 million people) reported at least 1 of 12 selected chronic conditions.
- Among commercially insured patients with a previous opioid overdose, repeated overdose within 2 years occurred in 17% of those prescribed 100 MME/day or more, 15% of those prescribed 50–100 MME/day, 9% of those prescribed less than 50 MME/day, and 8% of those prescribed no opioids.
- Nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) failed to extend lifespan in female mice even at doses producing blood levels similar to those in males, and extended lifespan only in males (Harrison et al., 2014).
- Across every intervention and control group in three separate mouse studies, the estimated rate of vitality decline was consistently lower than the rate of survival decline; for example, female mice on 40% caloric restriction had a mean vitality-decline rate of 0.00011 compared to a survival-decline rate of 0.00079.
- Researchers found glass spherules in sediment from Yvonne Malinowski's backyard in Melrose, Pennsylvania, containing flecks of pure iron indicating formation at temperatures above 2,000°C (about 3,600°F).
- Harvard researchers calculated that distributing approximately 30 parts per trillion of platinum worldwide would have required a meteorite about half a mile across, large enough to leave a substantial crater.
- In the Greenland ice core studied by Petaev and colleagues, platinum concentration increased by more than a hundredfold over roughly 20 years before subsiding.
- A Greenland ice-core study by Michail Petaev, Shichun Huang, Stein Jacobsen, and Alan Zindler found almost no iridium but detected a pronounced platinum spike beginning exactly 12,900 years ago.
- Andrew C. Scott's research team found that fungal spores have microscopic features similar to those previously attributed to nanodiamonds.
- Most carbon spherules once attributed to a cosmic impact closely resemble tightly packed balls of fungus found in modern soils exposed to low-to-moderate heat during wildfires.
- Only 3 of the 29 archaeological sites re-examined by David Meltzer's team had dates falling within the onset of the Younger Dryas.
- Lightning was ruled out as the source of Abu Hureyra's melt glass because lightning produces magnetic imprints that were absent from the samples.
- Abu Hureyra's melt glass contained molten quartz, chromferide, and magnetite grains, minerals that melt only at temperatures between 1,720°C and 2,200°C.
- Isotope data indicates that central Greenland was nearly 14 °C (24.5 °F) colder during the Younger Dryas than it is today.
- At some GRIP/GISP2 sites near the summit of Greenland, annual snow and ice layers can be traced back more than 40,000 years, similar to counting tree rings.
- During the Younger Dryas, forests were replaced by tundra vegetation even though many parts of the tropics and Southern Hemisphere became warmer and wetter.
- The AMOC has weakened by approximately 15–20 percent during the last 150 years.
- The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), an ocean-current system that helps keep Europe warm, is currently the weakest it has been in more than 1,600 years.
- A Penn State study published in Science Advances on June 30 found that ocean processes and atmospheric processes contribute equally to maintaining the North Atlantic cold blob.
- Climate records preserved in Greenlandic ice show that Earth's last ice age included about 25 periods of abrupt climate change, with temperature spikes occurring over decades followed by gradual cooling in the North Atlantic.
- A statistical-model study using temperature data from the northern Atlantic region concluded that an AMOC shutdown could occur between 2025 and 2095.
- Satellite data showed that California coastal winds weakened enough to prevent cold upwelling water from breaking through the warm surface water during the Pacific 'Blob', even though ocean-buoy pressure data appeared to show normal wind behavior.
- The Aharonov–Bohm effect is illustrated experimentally through interference experiments.
- The underlying mechanism of the Aharonov–Bohm effect is the coupling of the electromagnetic potential with the complex phase of a charged particle's wave function.
- Cenograms are used in studying ancient communities to draw conclusions about a biome, including whether it is species rich, its relative humidity, and its level of forestation.
- The transient aurorae/airglow hypothesis attributes ashen light to unusually high solar activity interacting with the upper Venusian atmosphere.
- Ashen light is a subtle glow that has been reported by observers on the night side of the planet Venus.
- Archimedes used methods involving infinitesimals to calculate areas and volumes long before the formal development of calculus.
- Nicolas Bourbaki is a collective pseudonym used by a group of mostly French mathematicians who wrote influential treatises on modern advanced mathematics starting in the 1930s.
- The Alais meteorite contains organic compounds.
- The black drop effect hampered efforts to obtain a precise value of the astronomical unit during the 1769 transit of Venus observations.
- Scientists attempted to measure the astronomical unit by observing the transit of Venus in 1769.
- George Biddell Airy, who served as Astronomer Royal at the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, organized five separate expeditions to observe the 1874 transit of Venus.
- On December 8, 1874, British scientists conducted an astronomical expedition to observe the transit of Venus from three separate sites in the Hawaiian Islands.
- Multiple countries sent scientific expeditions around the world to observe the 1874 transit of Venus.
- French scientists traveled to Campbell Island to observe the 1874 transit of Venus.
- In h-calculus, the original mathematical object is recovered by taking the limit as the parameter h tends to 0 of the h-analog.
- The two types of calculus within quantum calculus are q-calculus and h-calculus.
- Glass is technically an amorphous solid, not a liquid, and old windows are thicker at the bottom due to manufacturing methods, not because glass flows over time.
- Scientists used both NASA's Hubble and James Webb Space Telescopes together for the first time to study far-flung Trans-Neptunian Objects, including some of the smallest and faintest ever directly seen, and found fewer small TNOs than expected.
- Astronomers using NASA's James Webb Space Telescope discovered a previously hidden giant exoplanet in the Beta Pictoris system, which was already known to contain the giant planets Beta Pictoris b and Beta Pictoris c.
- NASA's Hubble and James Webb Space Telescopes directly studied trans-Neptunian objects (TNOs) and found fewer small TNOs than expected.
- Using archival Hubble Space Telescope data supported by James Webb Space Telescope observations, astronomers located the first stellar-mass black hole found in the star cluster Omega Centauri.
- Astronomers using archival Hubble data and supporting James Webb Space Telescope observations located the first stellar-mass black hole found in the star cluster Omega Centauri.
- Sextans A contains only 3 to 7 percent of the Sun's metal content (metallicity).
- Using NASA's James Webb Space Telescope, astronomers detected metallic iron dust and silicon carbide produced by aging stars in Sextans A.
- In a meta-analysis of weight-loss interventions, those lasting less than 13 weeks produced a larger pooled weight difference (−2.70 kg) than interventions lasting 13–26 weeks (−2.40 kg).
- A mastodon tusk discovered by David Webb and John Dunbar at Page-Ladson showed clear signs of human contact, according to an analysis by mastodon expert David Fisher.
- Zavacephale rinpoche was only about 3 feet long and weighed approximately 20 pounds, while its later relative Pachycephalosaurus grew to more than 15 feet long and weighed over 600 pounds.
- Compared with Tyrannosaurus rex specimens, the Dueling tyrannosaur had significantly longer forearms, fewer tail vertebrae, and more teeth.
- Paleontologists Lindsay Zanno and James Napoli named a proposed second Nanotyrannus species, based on the specimen 'Jane,' Nanotyrannus lethaeus, after Lethe, the mythological river whose waters caused souls to forget their previous lives.
- The next-oldest published hominid skull after Sahelanthropus tchadensis is almost 3 million years younger.
- According to a 2016 NEJM review, only a small fraction of people who use prescription opioids nonmedically go on to use heroin.
- A male vervet monkey named YAN had his sociality score rise from 0.80 in the Noha group in 2018 to 0.89 in the Ankhase group in 2020 after dispersing between groups.
- Receiving a provider-prescribed opioid before 12th grade was independently associated with a 33% increase in the risk of nonmedical opioid use by age 23.
- The revised Risk Index for Overdose or Severe Opioid-Induced Respiratory Depression (RIOSORD) estimated a 1.9% probability of opioid-induced respiratory depression within 6 months for the lowest-risk group and 83.4% for the highest-risk group.
- Among veterans receiving opioids, concurrent benzodiazepine use was associated with an overdose-death risk nearly four times as high as opioid use without benzodiazepines.
- Detrended global mean wind work led detrended total ocean kinetic energy by approximately 2 months, with a correlation coefficient of 0.64, significant at the 99% confidence level.
- The global upper-700-m ocean showed a multidecadal increase in kinetic energy beginning in the early 1990s, rather than only in the 2000s when the Argo observation system began.
- The new Pacific warm-water patch has water up to 3°C above normal but extends only about 30 meters deep, unlike the original Blob, whose warmth penetrated hundreds of meters below the surface.
- The 12.9-ka extraterrestrial impact hypothesis has been proposed as an explanation for Younger Dryas climate changes, terminal Pleistocene mammalian extinctions, and the supposed termination of the Clovis archaeological culture.
- Holliday and Meltzer's 2010 study found no archaeological evidence of a demographic collapse among post-Clovis human populations in North America.
- A 2023 case report in the journal Heliyon described a 69-year-old man with a lung cavity caused by Pasteurella multocida infection.
- A 2010 study published in Nature Medicine found that neutrophil elastase-mediated degradation of IRS-1 accelerates lung tumor growth.
- A 2013 study published in Blood found that SerpinB1 is critical for neutrophil survival through cell-autonomous inhibition of cathepsin G.
- In 2000, the Dietary Guideline Advisory Committee warned that prioritizing a 'low-fat intake' could lead people to overconsume calories from carbohydrates, potentially producing adverse metabolic consequences and contributing to obesity.
- Inversions of surface displacement data from the triggered southern San Andreas Fault slip event indicated the largest surface-slip amplitudes were associated with transient slip at depths shallower than 1 km.
- In a retiree cohort simulation, the 'One-Shot' intervention increased healthy life by 0.535 years, reduced sick life by 0.234 years, increased total life by 0.301 years, and reduced future medical expenditures by only $2 per person.
- In a health simulation model, the improvement from a one-shot intervention making all sick 65-year-olds healthy could alternatively be achieved by decreasing the annual probability of becoming sick by 12%.
- In a health simulation model, the improvement from a one-shot intervention making all sick 65-year-olds healthy could alternatively be achieved by increasing the annual probability of recovery by 16%.
- Eating one-third of a medium-sized cantaloupe has a glycemic load of around 11 or lower, even though the fruit's glycemic index is 65 to 70.
- The proposed 2015 change reflected the view that cholesterol consumed in food plays a relatively insignificant role in determining blood cholesterol levels, even though serum cholesterol remains an important risk factor.
- Peter Whoriskey of The Washington Post reported that the dietary-cholesterol finding would be included in the Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee's final report, due within weeks of February 2015.
- The FDA approved olestra only on the condition that foods containing it be fortified with precise quantities of vitamins A, D, E, and K and carry a boxed warning label stating that olestra may cause abdominal cramping and loose stools and inhibits absorption of some vitamins and nutrients.
- The 1995 U.S. Dietary Guidelines still recommended industrial trans fats, even though researchers had linked them to higher total and LDL cholesterol, lower HDL cholesterol, and increased coronary heart disease risk by the early 1990s.
- The 2020 Dietary Guidelines process included 43 pregnancy and 'Birth to 24 Months' systematic reviews whose evidence searches ended no later than July 2017, with most examining data only through July 2016.
- In September 1995, four researchers from the American Institute for Research published a 183-page report titled 'An Evaluation of Remote Viewing.'
- The HBSC 2022 survey found that only about one third of adolescents eat fruit at least once a day.
- A treatment cycle with ranibizumab costs approximately 800 euros.
- Both bevacizumab and ranibizumab were originally developed by the same company, Genentech.
- Genentech sought regulatory approval for the clinical indication of macular degeneration treatment only for ranibizumab, not for bevacizumab.
- In Emilia-Romagna, the observed increase in insulin prescriptions during pregnancy between 2004 and 2010 was 232%.
- According to the WHO study, medical errors due to harmful drug administration are three times greater in children than in adults.